I do not get this section about CSS and media query

HTML-CSS
1

Hello everyone, this is the first time I use the forum.
I’ve done this exercise, the last one on the basics of CSS. Honestly I did it correctly, but I can’t understand how it works. When I put in the @media (max-width: 350px) something bigger like 400px or 500px the penguin become smaller and black, but why, what did I do? Here is the solution of the exercise:

<style>
  :root {
    --penguin-size: 300px;
    --penguin-skin: gray;
    --penguin-belly: white;
    --penguin-beak: orange;
  }

  @media (max-width: 350px) {
    :root {
      /* Only change code below this line */
--penguin-size: 200px;
--penguin-skin: black;
      /* Only change code above this line */
    }
  }

  .penguin {
    position: relative;
    margin: auto;
    display: block;
    margin-top: 5%;
    width: var(--penguin-size, 300px);
    height: var(--penguin-size, 300px);
  }

  .right-cheek {
    top: 15%;
    left: 35%;
    background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
    width: 60%;
    height: 70%;
    border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%;
  }

  .left-cheek {
    top: 15%;
    left: 5%;
    background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
    width: 60%;
    height: 70%;
    border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%;
  }

  .belly {
    top: 60%;
    left: 2.5%;
    background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
    width: 95%;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 120% 120% 100% 100%;
  }

  .penguin-top {
    top: 10%;
    left: 25%;
    background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
    width: 50%;
    height: 45%;
    border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%;
  }

  .penguin-bottom {
    top: 40%;
    left: 23.5%;
    background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
    width: 53%;
    height: 45%;
    border-radius: 70% 70% 100% 100%;
  }

  .right-hand {
    top: 5%;
    left: 25%;
    background: var(--penguin-skin, black);
    width: 30%;
    height: 60%;
    border-radius: 30% 30% 120% 30%;
    transform: rotate(130deg);
    z-index: -1;
    animation-duration: 3s;
    animation-name: wave;
    animation-iteration-count: infinite;
    transform-origin:0% 0%;
    animation-timing-function: linear;
  }

  @keyframes wave {
      10% {
        transform: rotate(110deg);
      }
      20% {
        transform: rotate(130deg);
      }
      30% {
        transform: rotate(110deg);
      }
      40% {
        transform: rotate(130deg);
      }
    }

  .left-hand {
    top: 0%;
    left: 75%;
    background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
    width: 30%;
    height: 60%;
    border-radius: 30% 30% 30% 120%;
    transform: rotate(-45deg);
    z-index: -1;
  }

  .right-feet {
    top: 85%;
    left: 60%;
    background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
    width: 15%;
    height: 30%;
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%;
    transform: rotate(-80deg);
    z-index: -2222;
  }

  .left-feet {
    top: 85%;
    left: 25%;
    background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
    width: 15%;
    height: 30%;
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%;
    transform: rotate(80deg);
    z-index: -2222;
  }

  .right-eye {
    top: 45%;
    left: 60%;
    background: black;
    width: 15%;
    height: 17%;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .left-eye {
    top: 45%;
    left: 25%;
    background: black;
    width: 15%;
    height: 17%;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .sparkle {
    top: 25%;
    left:-23%;
    background: white;
    width: 150%;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .blush-right {
    top: 65%;
    left: 15%;
    background: pink;
    width: 15%;
    height: 10%;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .blush-left {
    top: 65%;
    left: 70%;
    background: pink;
    width: 15%;
    height: 10%;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .beak-top {
    top: 60%;
    left: 40%;
    background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
    width: 20%;
    height: 10%;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .beak-bottom {
    top: 65%;
    left: 42%;
    background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
    width: 16%;
    height: 10%;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  body {
    background:#c6faf1;
  }

  .penguin * {
    position: absolute;
  }
</style>
<div class="penguin">
  <div class="penguin-bottom">
    <div class="right-hand"></div>
    <div class="left-hand"></div>
    <div class="right-feet"></div>
    <div class="left-feet"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="penguin-top">
    <div class="right-cheek"></div>
    <div class="left-cheek"></div>
    <div class="belly"></div>
    <div class="right-eye">
      <div class="sparkle"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="left-eye">
      <div class="sparkle"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="blush-right"></div>
    <div class="blush-left"></div>
    <div class="beak-top"></div>
    <div class="beak-bottom"></div>
  </div>
</div>

Could someone explain to me plain and simple by making an example?
I’m kinda confused, maybe it is because eng is not my first language, I don’t know.

2

this is applied when the width of the page is smaller than 350,px, if you change from 350 to an other number, you are making this media query active on smaller sizes, meaning that depending on how wide you have the web page preview, it gets actuvated with higher screen size.

If instead of changing the number you reduce the width of the preview web page on tthe right part you can see the penguin changing size when the width goes below a certain point

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