hello i am having problems with the last few steps on this project
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/* file: styles.css */
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Each .nav-link should have text that corresponds to the header text of its related section (e.g. if you have a “Hello world” section/header, your #navbar should have a .nav-link which has the text “Hello world”).
Failed:20. Each .nav-link should have an href attribute that links to its corresponding .main-section (e.g. If you click on a .nav-link element that contains the text “Hello world”, the page navigates to a section element with that id).
Hi @bbarnhart35,
At the first bullet, it just simply says that you should have a navigation link with the same text as the header of the section it would direct to. for example:
You have the section with a header of the text “Introduction”…
<section>
<header>Introduction</header>
</section>
It should have a navigation link with the text “Introduction” as well.
<nav id="navbar">
<ul>
<li>
<a class="nav-link"
href="#Introduction">
Introduction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
On the second bullet, the href of your navigation link to the should be same as the id of that section it would direct to, for instance:
You have a link which direct to a section where it has the id set to “References”…
<li>
<a class="nav-link"
href="#References">
References
</a>
</li>
the section it pertaining to should have the id of that, so when you click that navigation link, it would scroll down to that specific section.
<section id="References">
Content goes here...
</section>
Happy Coding!!! 
JavaScript is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language. It is a small and lightweight language. Inside a host environment (for example, a web browser), JavaScript can be connected to the objects of its environment to provide programmatic control over them.
<p>JavaScript contains a standard library of objects, such as Array, Date, and Math, and a core set of language elements such as operators, control structures, and statements. Core JavaScript can be extended for a variety of purposes by supplementing it with additional objects; for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Client-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects to control a browser and its Document Object Model (DOM). For example, client-side extensions allow an application to place elements on an HTML form and respond to user events such as mouse clicks, form input, and page navigation.</li>
<li>Server-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects relevant to running JavaScript on a server. For example, server-side extensions allow an application to communicate with a database, provide continuity of information from one invocation to another of the application, or perform file manipulations on a server.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="main-section"
id="what_you_should_already_know">
<header class="header" id="header">What you should already know</header>
<p>This guide assumes you have the following basic background:</p>
<ul>
<li>A general understanding of the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW).</li>
<li>Good working knowledge of HyperText Markup Language (HTML).</li>
<li>Some programming experience. If you are new to programming, try one of the tutorials linked on the main page about JavaScript.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="main-section"
id="JavaScript_and_Java">
<header class="header" id="header">JavaScript and Java</header>
<p>JavaScript and Java are similar in some ways but fundamentally different in some others. The JavaScript language resembles Java but does not have Java's static typing and strong type checking. JavaScript follows most Java expression syntax, naming conventions and basic control-flow constructs which was the reason why it was renamed from LiveScript to JavaScript.</p>
In contrast to Java's compile-time system of classes built by declarations, JavaScript supports a runtime system based on a small number of data types representing numeric, Boolean, and string values. JavaScript has a prototype-based object model instead of the more common class-based object model. The prototype-based model provides dynamic inheritance; that is, what is inherited can vary for individual objects. JavaScript also supports functions without any special declarative requirements. Functions can be properties of objects, executing as loosely typed methods.
JavaScript is a very free-form language compared to Java. You do not have to declare all variables, classes, and methods. You do not have to be concerned with whether methods are public, private, or protected, and you do not have to implement interfaces. Variables, parameters, and function return types are not explicitly typed.
Hello worldTo get started with writing JavaScript, open the Scratchpad and write your first "Hello world" JavaScript code:
function greetMe(yourName) { alert("Hello " + yourName); }
greetMe("World");
Select the code in the pad and hit Ctrl+R to watch it unfold in your browser!
VariablesYou use variables as symbolic names for values in your application. The names of variables, called identifiers, conform to certain rules.
A JavaScript identifier must start with a letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also be digits (0-9). Because JavaScript is case sensitive, letters include the characters "A" through "Z" (uppercase) and the characters "a" through "z" (lowercase).
You can use ISO 8859-1 or Unicode letters such as å and ü in identifiers. You can also use the Unicode escape sequences as characters in identifiers. Some examples of legal names are Number_hits, temp99, and _name.
Declaring variablesYou can declare a variable in three ways: With the keyword var. For example,
var x = 42.
This syntax can be used to declare both local and global variables. By simply assigning it a value. For example,
x = 42.
This always declares a global variable. It generates a strict JavaScript warning. You shouldn't use this variant. With the keyword let. For example,
let y = 13.
This syntax can be used to declare a block scope local variable. See Variable scope below.
Variable scopeWhen you declare a variable outside of any function, it is called a global variable, because it is available to any other code in the current document. When you declare a variable within a function, it is called a local variable, because it is available only within that function.
JavaScript before ECMAScript 2015 does not have block statement scope; rather, a variable declared within a block is local to the function (or global scope) that the block resides within. For example the following code will log 5, because the scope of x is the function (or global context) within which x is declared, not the block, which in this case is an if statement.
if (true) { var x = 5; } console.log(x); // 5
This behavior changes, when using the let declaration introduced in ECMAScript 2015.
if (true) { let y = 5; } console.log(y); // ReferenceError: y is
not defined
Global variables
Global variables are in fact properties of the global object. In web pages the global object is window, so you can set and access global variables using the window.variable syntax.
Consequently, you can access global variables declared in one window or frame from another window or frame by specifying the window or frame name. For example, if a variable called phoneNumber is declared in a document, you can refer to this variable from an iframe as parent.phoneNumber.
ConstantsYou can create a read-only, named constant with the const keyword. The syntax of a constant identifier is the same as for a variable identifier: it must start with a letter, underscore or dollar sign and can contain alphabetic, numeric, or underscore characters.
const PI = 3.14;
A constant cannot change value through assignment or be re-declared while the script is running. It has to be initialized to a value.
The scope rules for constants are the same as those for let block scope variables. If the const keyword is omitted, the identifier is assumed to represent a variable.
You cannot declare a constant with the same name as a function or variable in the same scope. For example:
// THIS WILL CAUSE AN ERROR function f() {}; const f = 5; // THIS
WILL CAUSE AN ERROR ALSO function f() { const g = 5; var g;
//statements }
However, object attributes are not protected, so the following statement is executed without problems.
const MY_OBJECT = {"key": "value"}; MY_OBJECT.key =
"otherValue";
Data types
The latest ECMAScript standard defines seven data types:
Although these data types are a relatively small amount, they enable you to perform useful functions with your applications. Objects and functions are the other fundamental elements in the language. You can think of objects as named containers for values, and functions as procedures that your application can perform.
if...else statementUse the if statement to execute a statement if a logical condition is true. Use the optional else clause to execute a statement if the condition is false. An if statement looks as follows:
if (condition) { statement_1; } else { statement_2; }
condition can be any expression that evaluates to true or false. See Boolean for an explanation of what evaluates to true and false. If condition evaluates to true, statement_1 is executed; otherwise, statement_2 is executed. statement_1 and statement_2 can be any statement, including further nested if statements.
You may also compound the statements using else if to have multiple conditions tested in sequence, as follows:
if (condition_1) { statement_1; } else if (condition_2) {
statement_2; } else if (condition_n) { statement_n; } else {
statement_last; }
In the case of multiple conditions only the first logical condition which evaluates to true will be executed. To execute multiple statements, group them within a block statement ({ ... }) . In general, it's good practice to always use block statements, especially when nesting if statements:
if (condition) { statement_1_runs_if_condition_is_true;
statement_2_runs_if_condition_is_true; } else {
statement_3_runs_if_condition_is_false;
statement_4_runs_if_condition_is_false; }
It is advisable to not use simple assignments in a conditional expression, because the assignment can be confused with equality when glancing over the code. For example, do not use the following code:
if (x = y) { /* statements here */ }
If you need to use an assignment in a conditional expression, a common practice is to put additional parentheses around the assignment. For example:
if ((x = y)) { /* statements here */ }
while statement
A while statement executes its statements as long as a specified condition evaluates to true. A while statement looks as follows:
while (condition) statement
If the condition becomes false, statement within the loop stops executing and control passes to the statement following the loop. The condition test occurs before statement in the loop is executed. If the condition returns true, statement is executed and the condition is tested again. If the condition returns false, execution stops and control is passed to the statement following while.
To execute multiple statements, use a block statement ({ ... }) to group those statements.
Example:
The following while loop iterates as long as n is less than three:
var n = 0; var x = 0; while (n < 3) { n++; x += n; }
With each iteration, the loop increments n and adds that value to x. Therefore, x and n take on the following values:
After completing the third pass, the condition n < 3 is no longer true, so the loop terminates.
Function declarationsA function definition (also called a function declaration, or function statement) consists of the function keyword, followed by:
For example, the following code defines a simple function named square:
function square(number) { return number * number; }
The function square takes one argument, called number. The function consists of one statement that says to return the argument of the function (that is, number) multiplied by itself. The return statement specifies the value returned by the function.
return number * number;
Primitive parameters (such as a number) are passed to functions by value; the value is passed to the function, but if the function changes the value of the parameter, this change is not reflected globally or in the calling function.
ReferenceHi there!
Add your code between the pair of three back ticks correctly. It’s not fully visible.
hi @bocharudo i am having similar problems, i’ve checked for errors with the nav-links and id’s…kindly help check why it is still flagging these errors:
8. Each .main-section should have an id that matches the text of its first child, having any spaces in the child’s text replaced with underscores (_ ) for the id’s.
You should have at least five code elements that are descendants of .main-section elements.
Each .nav-link should have text that corresponds to the header text of its related section (e.g. if you have a “Hello world” section/header, your #navbar should have a .nav-link which has the text “Hello world”).
Each .nav-link should have an href attribute that links to its corresponding .main-section (e.g. If you click on a .nav-link element that contains the text “Hello world”, the page navigates to a section element with that id).
here’s the code…
Technical Documentation PageLOGO
<nav id="navbar">
<ul>
<li><header><h1><a class="nav-link" href="#CSS_Documentation">CSS Documentation</a></h1></header></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#Introduction_to_CSS">Introduction to CSS</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#Application_of_CSS_Benefits">Application of CSS Benefits</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#Why_Use_CSS?">Why Use CSS?</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#CSS_Brought_Solution">CSS Brought Solution</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#CSS_Combinators">CSS Combinators</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#Reference">Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section class="main-section main-page" id="Introduction_to_CSS">
<header><h2>Introduction to CSS</h2>
</header>
<p>CSS is the language we use to style an HTML document. CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed. </p>
<p>CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to alter the font, color, size, and spacing of your content, split it into multiple columns, or add animations and other decorative features.</p>
<br>
<h2>What is CSS?</h2>
<ul>
<li>CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets</li>
<li>CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media</li>
<li>CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once</li>
<li>External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
Some of the key benefits of using CSS are:
The more the code, the slower the page loads. CSS enables web development with less code by allowing developers to use only a single CSS rule that can be applied to all occurrences in an HTML document.
Cascading Style Sheets not only delivers web pages that are visually pleasing but also helps developers do user-friendly page formatting. When text, images, and buttons are well-organized, the user experience automatically gets enriched.
<h4>Accelerated Development</h4>
<p>With a single series of code in CSS, web developers can write specific page formatting rules and apply them to multiple web pages. The beauty of CSS is that developers can replicate a cascading style sheet across multiple web pages, which, in turn, speeds up the development process.</p>
<h4>Simplified Layout Changes</h4>
<p>Making changes to a set of specific web pages is easy with CSS. The use of CSS eliminates the need for fixing each web page. Editing a Cascading Style Sheet automates the implementation of changes across all web pages using that CSS style sheet.</p>
<h4>Device Compatibility</h4>
<p>In today's digital environment, responsive web designs matter. Nowadays, web pages should be easily navigable and fully visible on any device, be it a desktop computer, a tablet, a smartphone, or a smart TV. CSS integrates into HTML to enable responsive web designs.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section main-page" id="Why_Use_CSS?">
<header><h2>Why Use CSS?</h2></header>
<img class="photo" src="https://images.indianexpress.com/2023/10/laptops-for-coding.jpg" alt="A coding laptop">
<p>CSS is used to <span class="important">define styles</span> for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes.</p>
<div class="css-examples" id="CSS_Examples">
<h3>CSS Examples</h3>
<p>body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1{color: white;
text-align: center;}
p{font-family: Sans-serif
font-size: 18px;}
When tags like “font”, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large websites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.
CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!
The style definitions are normally saved in external .css files.
With an external stylesheet file, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file!
</section>
<section class="main-section main-page" id="CSS_Combinators">
<header><h2>CSS Combinators</h2></header>
<p>A combinator is a sign that explains the relationship between selectors.</p>
<div>The table below shows the different combinators in CSS:
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Sign</th>
<th>Example</th>
<th>Example Result</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Child Combinator</td>
<td>></td>
<td>div>p</td>
<td>Selects every "p" element that are direct children of a "div" element</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Descendant Combinator</td>
<td>Single space</td>
<td>div p</td>
<td>Selects all "p" elements inside "div" elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Selector list</td>
<td>,</td>
<td>div,p</td>
<td>Selects all "div" elements and all <p> elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subsequent-sibling-separator</td>
<td>~</td>
<td>p~ul</td>
<td>Selects all "ul" elements that are preceded by a "p" element</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Selector list</td>
<td>,</td>
<td>div,p</td>
<td>Selects all div elements and all p elements</td>
</tr>
</div>
</table>
<h3>Using Media Queries in CSS</h3>
<p>Media queries allow you to apply CSS styles depending on a device's media type (such as print vs. screen) or other features or characteristics such as screen resolution or orientation, aspect ratio, browser viewport width or height, user preferences such as preferring reduced motion, data usage, or transparency.</p>
<p>Other examples of applications of CSS can be seen <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS">here...</a></p>
</section>
<section class="main-section main-page" id="Reference">
<header><h2>Reference</h2></header>
<p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The content of this page have been extracted from Mdn docs and w3schools pages online.</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_table.asp">w3schools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/nav">mdn web docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/applications-of-css-article#applications_of_css_benefits">simplilearn</a></li>
</ol>
</section>
</main>
</body>
</html>
here
If you have a question about a specific challenge as it relates to your written code for that challenge and need some help, click the Help button located on the challenge. This button only appears if you have tried to submit an answer at least three times.
The Help button will create a new topic with all code you have written and include a link to the challenge also. You will still be able to ask any questions in the post before submitting it to the forum.
Thank you.
ummm… what you did? it’s confusing lol. did you just pasted the js documentation of mdn?
can you please add your code inside backticks so we can see the problem
hi @Ozi1 ,
can you please put your code inside backticks so it would be shown here properly?
or, you could just simply open a separate help post here in the forum.
thank youu!!