So, a few suggestions. First, when you use the filter function, you no longer need the for Loop. They do much the same. In essence, what you are doing is taking each member of The Argus array and checking to see that it is in the args array. Is that your intent?
Also, when you convert arguments zero into the args variable, what you are doing is setting the array into the Argus variable which may be what you want. However you never deal with any additional arguments.
A way to handle this maybe in the perimeter arguments, or the way that you handle them. I assume you want args to be the items to remove. In that case, simply reference that in the parameter:
function destroyer(arr, ...args){...}
That says “make the first parameter a variable named arr, and everything else the variables args.”